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In "Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home," which enjoyed box office success back in 1986, the crew of the USS Enterprise travels back in time to San Francisco in the 1980s. In one scene, Dr. McCoy is walking down the corridor of a hospital, and he passes an elderly woman on a gurney. "What's the matter with you?" he asks.
"Kidney ... dialysis," she replies.
"Dialysis? What is this, the Dark Ages?" he mutters. Then he hands her a pill and tells her to swallow it. When we next see the patient, she is shouting for joy, "The doctor gave me a pill and I grew a new kidney!"
Geeky introduction aside, it's clear that, 25 years ago, organ regeneration was a concept limited to science fiction. Today, however, it's very rapidly becoming reality.
A few months ago, we reported on one research project that has found a protein that directs stem cells to the site of damaged brain tissue and instructs them to repair it. More recently, several labs around the country are reporting significant advances in the regrowth of damaged muscle tissue, internal organs and even limbs.
According to Organdonor.gov, there are some 108,091 people waiting for organ transplants in the United States as of July 2010, but only 6,712 transplants were actually performed in the first three months of this year. In other words, there are tens of thousands of patients who could benefit from regenerative medicine, and research is progressing across many areas.
Organ
transplant breakdown between deceased and living donors. Data provided by the
Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN)/Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients
(SRTR)/United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the New York Organ Donor Network.

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