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Intel's demonstration showed how its silicon solution will soon be replacing the first tier of connections, namely those between different computer systems, which today require heavy copper wires. A transmitter chip was crafted at Intel by bonding tiny flakes of indium gallium arsenide to waveguides made by micromachining silicon substrates. At the other end of the optical fiber, a receiver chip made by Intel translated the optical signal back into electricity by virtue of an integrated silicon germanium photodiode.

An engineer holds a 50G-bps
Silicon Photonics transmit module. Laser light from the silicon chip at the
center of the green board travels to the receiver module in the upper right,
where a second silicon chip detects the data on the laser and converts it back
into an electrical signal.
On the transmitter chip, Intel fabricated four different colors of 12.5G-bps hybrid-silicon lasers side by side, then combined the four colors on a single optical fiber. At the receiving end, it used silicon defraction gratings to filter the photonic signal into the original four colors, then used four photodiodes to convert each of the separate 12.5G-bps data streams into the single original 50G-bps signal.

A silicon transmitter chip uses
integrated Hybrid Silicon Lasers along with other silicon photonic devices to
send up to 50G bits of data each second.
This fall, Intel will make commercially available its 10G-bps Light Peak technology using conventional optical components—in effect, letting consumers get started on optical technology that will eventually be upgraded to its silicon photonic solutions. Within five to seven years, Intel claims it will be ready to upgrade its optical connection technology with silicon photonic chips that, by then, will be running at 1,000G bps (1 terabit per second).
The first users of its 1T-bps optical chips will likely be data centers and supercomputer facilities, but Intel's aim will be to move its silicon photonic capabilities to connecting workstations, then PCs, and eventually even handheld devices. For instance, Intel predicts that its silicon photonic devices inside handhelds will allow high-definition movies to be downloaded in just a few seconds.

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